Utolsó frissítés: 2026.08.24. — Szerző: Anti-Propaganda News Blog
1. A hivatalos narratíva cáfolata és a „zsidó erők tényezője”
Az évtizedekig fennálló hivatalos izraeli narratíva szerint a palesztin lakosság 1948-ban azért hagyta el otthonát, mert az arab államok és az Arab Felsőbb Bizottság vezetői erre utasították őket a rádióban és felhívásokban.
Az IDF saját korabeli hírszerzési elemzése ezzel szemben egyértelműen megállapítja:
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A menekülés 70%-a közvetlenül a zsidó katonai akciók (Haganah, Irgun, Lehi támadásai, tüzérségi lövetések, pszichológiai hadviselés, valamint a nagy városok elesése) miatt következett be.
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The arab vezetők utasításai mindössze a kivándorlás 5%-áért feleltek.
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A maradék részért a pánik, a felmorzsolódó bizalom, valamint a helyi feladás vagy megnemtámadási tárgyalások kudarca volt a felelős.
2. Az „Új Történészek” és Benny Morris áttörése
Az 1980-as években az izraeli archívumok részleges megnyitásával indult el az úgynevezett „Új Történészek” (New Historians) mozgalma, amelynek egyik vezető alakja, Benny Morris ebben a dokumentumban találta meg a legfőbb bizonyítékot The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem című alapvető művéhez.
Morris és kutatótársai (pl. Ilan Pappé, Avi Shlaim) megmutatták, hogy a palesztin lakosság elvándorlása nem egy önkéntes távozás volt, hanem a katonai műveletek és a pszichológiai nyomásgyakorlás közvetlen következménye.
3. Az archívumi cenzúra és az Akevot Intézet szerepe
A dokumentum utóélete a memóriapolitika és az állami cenzúra működését is megvilágítja:
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Miután Benny Morris 1986-ban publikálta a jelentés tartalmát, az izraeli védelmi minisztérium biztonsági igazgatósága (DSDE/Malmab) titkosította és eltávolította a dokumentumot a nyilvános archívumokból, hogy megakadályozza a hivatalos állami narratíva sérülését.
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The Akevot Intézet (egy független izraeli emberi jogi és kutatóintézet) éveken át tartó jogi és archívumi munkával találta meg a dokumentum egy másik példányát a Yad Ya’ari Archívumban, és hozta azt nyilvánosságra teljes terjedelmében.
4. A menekültprobléma gyökerei
A jelentés utolsó fejezete rávilágít arra, hogy a szomszédos arab államok (Szíria, Libanon, Transzjordánia, Egyiptom) a kezdetektől fogva súlyos gazdasági és társadalmi teherként élték meg a menekültek tömeges érkezését. A dokumentum rámutat, hogy az arab államok próbálták visszatartani a lakosságot, sőt a sorkatonai korú férfiakat visszatérésre buzdították, de a kialakult pánikot és az elvándorlási hullámot már nem tudták megállítani.
Summary: Ez a 1948-as hírszerzési jelentés az egyik legobjektívebb korabeli bizonyíték arra, hogy a palesztin exodus döntően katonai és pszichológiai nyomás következménye volt. Megjelentetése és elemzése a mai napig a Közel-Kelet történelmi emlékezetéről és felelősségvállalásáról szóló tudományos és politikai viták gyújtópontjában áll.
Izraeli hírszerzési jelentés Palesztina elnéptelenedéséről, 1948. június 30.
Hírszerző Szolgálat (arab szekció)
Erec Jiszráél [Palesztina] arabok vándorlása
1947. december 1. és 1948. június 1. között
1948. június 30.
A dokumentum bevezetője, készítette: Akevot (Izraeli-Palesztin Konfliktuskutató Intézet), 2019. július 4.
[ Egy 1948-as (…) Izraeli Védelmi Erők hírszerzési jelentése, amelyet az 1980-as években történt leleplezése óta eltitkoltak, ellentmond az izraeli narratívának az izraeli arab lakosok 1948-as háború alatti elvándorlásának fő tényezőjéről. E dokumentum szerint a háború első hónapjaiban a zsidó harcosok műveletei voltak az arab elvándorlás fő okai, és az arab vezetés szerepe a „menekülés” ösztönzésében elhanyagolható volt. Az Akevot Intézet a teljes dokumentumot a „ELhallgattatás: A DSDE dokumentumainak elrejtése az archívumokban” című jelentésének megjelenése után teszi közzé.
Az 1948-as háború első szünetében az Izraeli Védelmi Erők Hírszerző Osztálya jelentést készített az arab lakosság elvándorlásának mértékéről a háború kezdete óta. A 25 oldalas, „Az Erec Jiszráéli arabok migrációja 1947. december 1. és 1948. június 1. között” című dokumentum arra a következtetésre jut, hogy az arabok mintegy 70%-ának elvándorlása ebben az időszakban a zsidó erők által végrehajtott katonai műveleteknek tulajdonítható, míg az arab vezetők által kiadott parancsok csak 5%-os elvándorlást érintettek. Maga a tíz oldalas jelentés áttekinti a migráció mértékét és okait, valamint bemutatja azokat a területeket, ahová az elvándoroltak érkeztek. A melléklet tartalmazza az egyes közösségek lakosainak kiürítésének mértékét és okait.
A dokumentumot először a Hashomer Hatzair Archívumban (Yad Ya’ari) fedezte fel Benny Morris történész az 1980-as évek közepén, aki ezt használta fel „Az arab kivonulás okai és jellege Palesztinából: Az Izraeli Védelmi Erők Hírszerző Osztályának 1948. júniusi elemzése” című cikkének alapjául. Morris számos ténybeli hibát jelölt meg, de összességében megbízhatónak találta a jelentést.
Miután Morris cikke 1986-ban megjelent, a dokumentumot eltávolították a nyilvánosság elől, kezdetben az állami főlevéltáros, később pedig a DSDE utasítására, a Védelmi Hivatal biztonsági igazgatójának széleskörű és jogellenes munkája részeként, amelynek célja a különböző archívumokban található dokumentumokhoz való nyilvános hozzáférés megtagadása volt. (…) Az Akevot Intézet kutatói a dokumentum egy másik példányát találták a Yad Ya’ari Archívumban, és azt itt tesszük közzé először teljes egészében .
Tartalomjegyzék
1. Általános bevezetés.
2. Az arab migráció alapvető adatai
3. Az evakuálás és a migráció országos szakaszai
4. Az arab migráció okai
5. Arab migrációs pályák és beilleszkedési kérdések
Mellékletek
1. Regionális áttekintések, amelyek elemzik a migrációs problémákat az egyes területeken [Hiányzik a dokumentumból]
2. A kiürített falvak térképei területenként, feltüntetve a migráció okait és a migrációs pályákat minden falu esetében
1. Általános bevezetés
Ezen áttekintés célja, hogy megkísérelje értékelni a migráció intenzitását és különböző fejlődési szakaszait, feltárja a népességmozgást közvetlenül befolyásoló különböző tényezőket, és felmérje a főbb migrációs pályákat. Természetesen, tekintettel az Erec Jiszráélre vonatkozó általános statisztikai adatok jellegére, amelyek önmagukban is hiányosak, nehéz lenne teljes bizonyossággal abszolút számokat meghatározni a migrációs mozgásról, de úgy tűnik, hogy az itt közölt adatok, még ha nem is biztosak, közel állnak az igazsághoz. Ezért tíz-tizenöt százalékos hibahatárt kell figyelembe venni. Az Izrael Államon kívüli terület lakosságára vonatkozó adatok kevésbé pontosak, és a hibahatár nagyobb. Ez az áttekintés 1948. június 1-jéig foglalja össze a helyzetet (csak egyetlen esetben – Dzsenin evakuálása esetén – tartalmaz későbbi eseményt is).
2. Az arab népességmozgás alapvető adatai Erec Jiszráélben
a. Az Erec Jiszráél felosztásáról szóló ENSZ-nyilatkozat [határozat] idején a következő számadatok voltak érvényesek a héber állam határain belül:
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1. |
219 arab falu. |
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2. |
4 arab lakosságú város (Haifa, Tiberias, Safed, Beit Shean) |
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3. |
Izrael állam arab vidéki lakossága |
190 000 |
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4. |
Izrael állam arab városi lakossága |
92 000 |
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5. |
A beduin lakosság Izrael államban, a Negevben volt |
60 000 (becslés) |
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|
|
342 000 |
b. Izrael Államból kivándorlók üteme 1948. június 1-jéig (beleértve Dzsenint és a déli területeket is, 1948. június 14-ig):
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1. |
Körülbelül 180 arab falu üres. |
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2. |
3 város teljesen üres, Haifában pedig mindössze 5000 lakos él. |
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3. |
Az ország teljes vidéki arab lakosságából a vándorlók száma: |
152 000
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|
4. |
Az ország teljes városi arab lakosságából a vándorlók száma |
87 000
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5. |
A negevi beduinok egyáltalán nem vándoroltak ki az országból. |
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|
6. |
Izrael államot elhagyók összesen |
239 000
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Százalékban kifejezve:
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1. |
Az országban található arab vidéki települések 82%-át elhagyták. |
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2. |
Az ország teljes vidéki arab lakosságának 80%-a elhagyta az országot. |
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3. |
Az ország teljes városi arab lakosságának 94%-a elhagyta az országot. |
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4. |
A teljes negevi beduin lakosság 0%-a vándorolt. |
c. A migráció mértéke az arab állam + Jeruzsálem területén:
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1. |
Legalább 70 arab falut evakuáltak az arab államban. |
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2. |
Három arab várost evakuáltak – egyet teljesen (Jenin), kettőt pedig a lakosság többségével. (4000 ember maradt Akkóban és 4600 Jaffában). |
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3. |
Két másik arab várost (Lod, Ramla) részben evakuáltak. |
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4. |
50 000 arab állambeli falusi hagyta el és vándorolt el. |
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5. |
72 000 városi lakos hagyta el és vándorolt ki az arab államból. |
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6. |
Az arab államból kivándorolt arabok teljes száma: 122 000. |
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7. |
30 000 arab vándorolt ki Jeruzsálemből. |
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8. |
Összesen 152 000 eretz jisareli arab vándorolt el Izrael államán kívüli lakóhelyéről. |
d. Az Izrael Államban maradt arabok száma:
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1. |
Izrael Államban maradt városi lakosok száma |
5000 |
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2. |
Izrael Államban maradt falusiak száma |
38 000 |
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3. |
Izrael államban maradt beduinok száma (a Negevben) |
60 000 |
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[Teljes] |
103 000 |
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4. |
39 lakott arab falu maradt az országban (Néhányról nincs információ arról, hogy elhagyták volna). |
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5. |
Izrael Állam városai közül csak egyben él arab lakosság (Haifa: 5000 fő). |
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e. A migrációs mozgás üteme Erec Jiszráél egészében:
A lakóhelyüket elhagyni kényszerült arabok száma 391 000.
(Ahogy a bevezetőben is említettük, a hibahatár 10%-15%).
Hozzászólások:
1. További részletekért ezekről a számadatokról és területi bontásukról lásd az alábbi táblázatot.
2. A falvak, városok, az evakuálás okainak, a repülési útvonalaknak stb. a listáját lásd a mellékelt mellékletekben.
3. Az arab migráció szakaszai
A hat hónapos arab migráció (1947 decemberétől májusáig és azon túl) négy különálló szakaszból áll:
Első szakasz: december elején kezdődik és február végéig tart.
Második szakasz: Március hónap.
Harmadik szakasz: Április hónap.
Negyedik fázis: Május hónap.
A fázisok részletesen:
Első fázis: Ennek a szakasznak a fő jellemzője, hogy ebben az időben a migrációs mozgalom csak most kezdődik. Kevés helyen fordul elő. Az ország minden frontján a mozgás rendkívül csekély. Csak a Központi Régióban történik a mozgás a fázis végén, azaz többnyire februárban, amikor ott megkezdődik a mozgás, és intenzitása önmagában közepes.
Második fázis: Ebben a szakaszban a legtöbb fronton kismértékű mozgás érzékelhető, sőt, enyhe csökkenés tapasztalható az első fázishoz képest. Egyes frontokon úgy tűnik, hogy a migráció csökken. Ez különösen igaz a Központi Régióra, ahol az első fázisban aktivitás volt érezhető. Azonban ahol az országos tendencia a csökkenő tendencia, a Jaffa-i front, valamint a Galileai-tenger környéke növekedést mutat, amely erősebb intenzitású, mint az első fázisban az evakuálás intenzitása.
Harmadik fázis: Ezt a fázist szinte a legtöbb fronton mérsékelt növekedés jellemzi, mérsékelt növekedés a Galileai-tenger térségében Tiberias kiürítésével. Mérsékelt növekedés a Haifa térségében Haifa kiürítésével. Mérsékelt növekedés a Tel-Hai körzetben, fokozott tevékenységgel a részünkről. Nem változott a migráció helyzete a Negevben, ahol még nem kezdődött meg a kiürítés. Kiegyensúlyozott helyzet Jaffa kiürítése tekintetében – azaz enyhe növekedés az előző fázishoz képest és annak folytatásaként. A migrációs mozgás csökkenése a Gilboa térségében. Ugyanakkor jelentős növekedés tapasztalható a Központi Régióban, amely ebben a hónapban tetőzik, mind országos szinten, mind magában a régióban a mozgás tekintetében. Összefoglalva: a harmadik fázis mérsékelt általános növekedést mutat egy csúcsponttal és egy csökkenő tendenciával.
A negyedik fázis: Ez a szakasz május hónapot öleli fel. Ez az arab migráció fő és döntő szakasza Erec Jiszráélben. Migrációs pszichózis kezd kialakulni, az arab erővel kapcsolatos bizalmi válság. Ennek eredményeként a migrációt ebben a bölcsességben a következők jellemzik:
Jelentősen megnőtt a migrációs pálya Tel-Hai körzetben.
Gilboa
Jaffa
Nyugat-Galilea
A Negev falvaiban ebben a hónapban zajlik az evakuálás. Másrészt a Központi Régió már elérte a csúcspontját, mivel a legtöbb falut kiürítették. Ezért a Központi Régió számára ez a szakasz az „utolsó szakasz”. Mivel a Központi Régióban megmaradt falvak száma kicsi volt, az itt érzékelt látszólag jelentős csökkenés nem több, mint az utolsó simítás. Az egyetlen hely, ahol valódi csökkenés érezhető ebben a hónapban, a Galileai-tenger környéke.
Következtetés: Az Erec Jiszráéli arabok tömeges migrációja április-májusban zajlott. Május volt a tetőpont, és ezt a hónapot tartják számon, amikor az arab migráció, vagy pontosabban az arab menekülés nagy része lezajlott.
4. Az arab migráció okai
a. Általános
Ésszerű feltételezni, hogy ez a migráció nem anyagi okokból történt – legyen az a munkahely-, élelmiszerhiány vagy bármilyen más anyagi nehézség. Amíg a lakosok a helyükön maradtak, az arab gazdaság nem sérült olyan mértékben, hogy az a lakosság önfenntartó képességét meghiúsította volna. A pénzügyi tényező csak a migrációs mozgalom legkezdeti szakaszában volt motiváló tényező a migrációban, amikor a gazdag arabok, akik meg akarták őrizni vagyonukat és gyáraikat, gyorsan kivándoroltak. Az arab gazdasági stabilitás ingadozása a városokban érezhető volt, ez az ingadozás egyes társadalmi rétegek migrációs katalizátora volt, de ez az ingadozás – mint például a gazdagok migrációja – nem számít fő tényezőnek az Erec Jiszráél arabok tömeges migrációjának tárgyalásakor.
Az is ésszerű feltételezni, hogy a népességmozgás nem „tisztán” politikai tényezők eredménye volt, azaz: a szűkebb értelemben vett politikai döntéseknek semmilyen hatásuk nem volt a migrációs mozgalomra. Bár a tömeges arab migráció különösen májusban terjedt el, ezt nem szabad a hónap politikai jelentőségének eredményének tekinteni. Itt meg kell jegyezni, hogy amennyiben voltak olyan helyszínek, ahol a politikai tényező motiválta a migrációs mozgalmat, ez a városokra korlátozódott, ott is nagyon korlátozott rétegekben és elenyésző mértékben. Ezek a számok olyan kicsik az általános migrációs hullámhoz és annak intenzitásához képest, hogy teljes bizonyossággal feltételezhető, hogy a politikai tényezőknek semmilyen hatásuk nem volt az arab lakosság mozgására.
A migrációt befolyásoló tényezők áttekintése során felsoroljuk azokat a tényezőket, amelyek meghatározó hatással voltak a népességvándorlásra. Egyéb, lokalizált és kisebb léptékű tényezőket az egyes kerületek migrációs mozgásának külön áttekintéseiben sorolunk fel. A tényezők fontossági sorrendben a következők:
1. Közvetlen zsidó ellenséges akciók az arab közösségek ellen.
2. Az ellenséges fellépésünk hatása a migránsok lakóhelyével szomszédos közösségekkel szemben (különösen itt a nagy szomszédos közösségek bukása).
3. A disszidensek [Irgun, Lehi] által tett lépések.
4. Arab intézmények és bandák által kiadott parancsok és irányelvek.
5. Zsidó suttogó műveletek [pszichológiai hadviselés], amelyek célja az arabok menekülésre kényszerítése volt.
6. Evakuálási ultimátumok.
7. A zsidók elleni nagyobb arab támadás esetén a zsidók megtorlásától való félelem.
8. Bandák és külföldi harcosok megjelenése a falu közelében.
9. Az arab inváziótól és annak következményeitől való félelem (főleg a határok közelében).
10. Arab falvak, elszigetelten a tisztán zsidó területeken belül.
11. Various local factors and general fear of upcoming events.
b. Detailed description of the factors.
There is no doubt that hostilities were the main factor in the movement of population. In each district a wave of migration began as our activities in that area increased and expanded. In general, it can be said that the month of May marked for us the transition to large-scale operations, and therefore the evacuation of as many settlements as possible took place in May. The departure of the English, which was only the other side of the coin, naturally helped the evacuation, but it seems that the British evacuation, rather than directly influencing the migration, freed our hands for action.
It should be noted that the intensity of the attack was not always decisive, as other factors also came to the fore – mostly psychological. The element of surprise, long artillery strikes with extremely loud explosions, and Arabic loudspeakers proved very effective when used properly (especially in Haifa!);
However, it has been proven that the actions had no less impact on neighboring communities than on the community that was directly targeted. The evacuation of one particular village as a result of our attack also dragged down several neighboring villages.
The effect of the fall of large villages, centers, cities or fortresses, which occupied large communities around them, is particularly striking. The fall of Tiberias, Safed, Samakh, Jaffa, Haifa and Acre triggered several large migration waves. The psychological motivation here was: „When the mighty fall…” In summary, at least 55% of the total migration movement was motivated by our actions and their effects.
Dissident actions and their impact as a motivation for migration: Dissidents as a motivation for migration were particularly prominent in the Jaffa-Tel Aviv area, the Central Region, the South and the Jerusalem area. Elsewhere they had no direct impact on the evacuation. Dissident actions with a special impact: Deir Yassin, kidnapping of five dignitaries from Sheikh Muwannis, other southern actions. The Deir Yassin action had a particularly strong impact on the Arab psyche. Much of the immediate flight that occurred when the attacks were launched, especially in the central and southern areas, was a panic flight that arose from this factor and can be identified as a decisive catalyst. Panic flight was also triggered by the actions taken by the Irgun and Lehi themselves. Many villagers in the Central Region fled after the kidnapping of Sheikh Muwannis' dignitaries. The Arab realized that it was not enough to make a deal with the Haganah, and that there were „other Jews” with whom one had to be careful, perhaps even more careful than with the members of the Haganah, which had no power over them.
The impact of dissidents on the evacuation of the city of Jaffa and the Jaffa countryside is clear and decisive – a decisive and critical factor among the factors of migration. If we were to assess the contribution of dissidents to the evacuation of Arabs in Eretz Yisrael, we would find that they had a direct impact of approximately 15% on the total intensity of migration.
To summarize the previous sections, it can therefore be said that the impact of the "Jewish military actions" (Haganah and dissidents) on migration was decisive, as approximately 70% of the residents left their community and emigrated as a result of these actions.
Orders and directives issued by Arab institutions and gangs: This evacuation, which we can call an „ordered evacuation,” was carried out for strategic reasons, at the request of the gangs, the Arab Higher Committee, or the Transjordanian government—either because they wanted to turn the village into a base for launching attacks against the Jews, or because they understood that the village could not be defended, or because they feared that it would become a fifth column, especially if an agreement was made with the Jews. The impact of this factor was felt mainly in the Gilboa area (threats to Zu'biya), the Sea of Galilee area (Circassian villages), the Tel-Hai area (border villages), the center (some cases), and the Jerusalem area (the orders of the legion to evacuate a number of villages to serve as bases in North Jerusalem, and the order issued by the Arab Higher Committee to the village of Esawiyah). However, compared to other factors, this element did not have a decisive weight, and its impact accounts for about 5% of all villages that were evacuated for this reason.
Jewish psychological warfare to drive Arab residents to flee. This type of action, if considered part of a national phenomenon, was not a widespread factor. However, 18% of the villages around Tel-Hai, 6% of the villages in the central region, and 4% of the villages in the Gilboa region were evacuated as a result.
While in the center and the Gilboa region such actions were not planned or carried out on a large scale and therefore had a smaller impact, in the Tel-Hai area such actions were planned and carried out on a fairly large scale and in an organized manner and therefore had greater results. The action itself took the form of „friendly advice” given by Jews to their neighboring Arab friends. This type of action resulted in up to 2% of the total national migration.
Our ultimatums to the Arab villages: This factor was particularly felt in the central areas, less so in the Gilboa area and to some extent in the Negev. Of course, these ultimatums, like the friendly councils, came only after the ground had been prepared to a certain extent by the hostilities taking place in the area. Therefore, these ultimatums were more of a final push than a decisive factor. Two percent of all the evacuated village settlements in the country were evacuated due to ultimatums.
Fear of reprisals. This evacuation, which can also be called an „organized evacuation,” usually occurred after actions were launched against Jews from the village or its surroundings. An Arab attack on a Jewish convoy (such as the „Ehud” convoy to Ahiam) or a Jewish-Arab battle (the Mismar HaEmek front, the Gesher front, the attack on Lehavot, etc.) automatically had the effect of evacuating nearby villages. One percent of the evacuated Arab settlements left due to this factor.
All the other factors listed, such as the appearance of gangs and foreign fighters near a village, the fear of the consequences of an Arab invasion that could turn the village into a battlefield, especially on the borders of the country, and the fact that certain villages were isolated within purely Jewish areas, were also motivations for evacuation, depending on the location. In some areas they had a greater impact than in others, just as in other areas they had almost no impact. All these factors combined add up to a maximum of 1%.
General fear. Although this factor was listed last, it had a significant impact and played a significant role in the evacuation. However, due to its general nature, we decided to close the list with this one. When the war began, various reasons created a general fear in the Arab public, who, for no apparent reason, decided to emigrate. However, this general fear was the primary manifestation of the „crisis of confidence” in the Arab forces.
It is reasonable to assume that 10% of all villages were evacuated for this reason, so in practice the effect of the „crisis of confidence” was the third most important factor after our and the dissidents’ actions and their impact. Local factors also had a rather significant impact on the migratory movement: the failure of negotiations, limited settlement plans, the inability to adapt to certain realities, the failure of negotiations to maintain the status quo or non-aggression agreements – all of these had an impact in some areas (for example, in the south), but were not present in others. It can be said that 8-9% of the evacuated villages in the country were evacuated due to various local factors. These factors are listed by settlement in the attached regional overviews.
General notes:
1. Evacuation psychosis:
The pace of evacuation was often accelerated by the emergence of an evacuation psychosis, similar to a contagious disease. For example, it is reasonable to assume that the mass arrival of refugees from Haifa in Acre, who spread evacuation psychosis among the inhabitants of Acre, had a decisive effect. Smaller attacks and various catalyzing factors led to a mass migration movement from Acre, in which this psychosis also played a role. When examining the reasons for the evacuation, it seems that this „invisible” factor cannot be ignored.
2. The typhus epidemic, where it appeared, served as a catalyst for the evacuation – it was not the disease itself, but the panic caused by rumors of the disease's spread that motivated the evacuation.
3. The impact of extremely loud explosives, loudspeakers, etc. as psychological intimidation actions on the migration movement should be highlighted (incidentally, there has been no attempt to mount loud sirens on the wings of aircraft bombing enemy positions – so these could have a great impact).
4. In places where a serious Arab fighting force was present, the village could not easily be evacuated, and only a direct, serious action could defeat this force and lead to evacuation.
5. In the early stages of the evacuation, when the scope was still small, Arab institutions tried to counter the escape and curb the waves of migration. The Arab Supreme Committee decided at that time to take measures to curb the escape by imposing restrictions and penalties, threats and propaganda in the press, radio, etc. In this matter, the Arab Supreme Committee tried to seek the help of neighboring countries, which often shared their interests on this point. They tried mostly to prevent the escape of young men of military age. However, these measures were not at all successful, since no positive measures were taken that could curb the factors that motivated and facilitated migration. The measures taken by the preventive mechanism simply led to corruption, and permits were issued for bribes. When the mass exodus occurred, this mechanism also collapsed, leaving only sporadic propaganda that produced no real results.
5. Arab migration routes
a. Általános
One of the central issues in the debate on Arab migration in Eretz Yisrael is the new centers where these migrants are concentrated. In this issue, rural and urban migrants represent two different themes. As a general rule, the origin of a group largely determined the destination of migration. The majority of Haifa's residents come from Lebanon and Syria, so the migration routes of most Haifa residents led to Lebanon and Syria. Similarly, the residents of Faluja in Jaffa returned to their villages. However, it should be noted that the majority of the wealthy urban residents and the wealthy people living in the cities migrated abroad.
Urban Arabs showed a more pronounced migratory tendency. The route to the „final destination” for urban residents was much shorter than for rural residents. While urban residents did not move between stops en route, rural residents often had to move from one place to another several times. This history of rural migration arose for several reasons, but the family origins of the villagers largely determined the migratory routes chosen by the refugees. For example, in the first phase of evacuation and escape, migrants usually moved from airplanes to the mountains or from the south to the coastal region.
Another factor that influenced migration trajectories in rural areas in the early stages was the flight of villagers to the nearest, largest Arab urban center – even if they had no family, work or acquaintances there. Here, security was the decisive factor. This factor was largely integrated with the previous factors, and in other cases, in the absence of other factors, it was the decisive factor. For these reasons, a villager had to divide his migration route into several stages, several stops without his knowledge – since these factors did not always lead to a safe area.
A review of the migration routes of the villagers reveals multiple stops, a trend that is much less evident in the migration of urban dwellers. For example, some residents of the southern village of Beit Susin migrated to al-Mugha, then to Yavneh, from Yavneh to Ashdod, and from Ashdod to Gaza. As a result, villages that served as destinations in the first phase of the escape became escape points in the second phase, and so on. Many migrated to Beit Shean from neighboring villages and had to flee there when the residents of Beit Shean themselves fled.
It is also important to note that since the villagers' migration routes were initially quite short (in terms of their distance from the village), and since we evacuated a village without stationing a permanent unit there, returns to evacuated villages also occurred, forcing us to participate in the evacuation of the residents of a given village more than once.
There are no „national migration centers” to speak of, not only because no one organized the migration movement and no one took care to direct it along certain paths, but also because of the paths of the Arab migration movement. It is true that we eventually find centers where many Arab migrants remain, many of whom came from different parts of the country. This is the result of a long route with many stops that was random, determined solely by security criteria. In this regard, Syria, Lebanon, Egypt and Transjordan abroad, the Arab Triangle, the area around Ramallah and Birzeit, and the southern coastal plain of Eretz Yisrael constitute the main centers that received Arab migration in Eretz Yisrael. However, this should not be taken as an indication of a national level.
One of the main questions we cannot answer is: How many migrated abroad and how many to centers within Eretz Yisrael? We can only make a few assumptions on this question:
1. The wealthier urban dwellers migrated primarily to Arab countries.
2. Many villagers, including financially poor villagers mostly from border areas, migrated to Syria and Lebanon.
3. The main migration to Egypt came from Jaffa, the south, Haifa and Jerusalem.
4. The main migration to Transjordan came from the communities of the Sea of Galilee, the Yisrael District, the Gilboa District, Akko, Jaffa, and Jerusalem.
5. Syria and Lebanon appear to have received the majority of migrants abroad, followed by Transjordan and finally Egypt.
b. Population absorption centers
Below is a list of the centers to which refugees have migrated. The list is divided by different parts of the country, and the centers for each district or area are listed in order of importance.
1. Tel Hai District
|
Syria |
Lebanon |
Darabshiyah |
Hula Swamps |
|
Golan |
Saxony |
Kadita |
|
2. Sea of Galilee
|
Transjordan |
Syria |
Lebanon |
Nazareth and its surroundings |
|
Lubja |
Moghar |
Boutaiha |
Haifa |
|
Samak (until it fell) |
Safe (until it fell) |
|
|
3. Jezreel District
|
„"Triangle" villages |
Carmel villages |
Safuria |
Good |
|
Turan |
Abu Shush |
Nazareth |
Transjordan |
4. Gilboa
|
Transjordan |
Nazareth and its surroundings |
Arabic triangle |
Mount Gilboa |
|
Beit Shean (until it fell) |
|
5. Haifa city limits
|
Syria |
Lebanon |
Lebanese border region |
Triangle (until it fell) |
|
Nazareth and Sepharam |
Few people go to Egypt |
Few people go to Cyprus |
6. Acre city limits
|
Lebanon |
Border villages |
Transjordan |
Few people go to Cyprus |
7. Haifa-Western Galilee District
|
Northern border villages (Yarka, Tarshiha) |
Lebanon |
Triangle |
Ghabisijya |
|
Saxony |
Ijzim |
Dahlia |
Ein Hawd |
|
Umm a-Zinat |
|
8. Central region
|
Nablus |
My arm |
Rummanah |
Umm al-Fahm |
|
Barta'ah |
Baka al-Gharbiya |
Yat |
Kufreind |
|
Taybeh |
Qalansuwa |
Kalkiliya |
Kafr Kasem |
|
Maidal |
Tantura |
Ijzim |
Beit Lid |
|
Ramla |
Horse |
a-Sindiyana |
Haifa (until it fell) |
9. Jaffa city limits
|
Ramla |
Horse |
Gaza |
Khan Yunis |
|
Southern Coastal Plain |
Egypt |
Amman (some) |
Syria, Lebanon (some) |
10. Villages of Jaffa
|
Southern |
Triangle |
Ramla |
Horse |
11. South
|
Gaza and the coastal plain |
Ramla |
Horse |
Hammam (some) |
|
Masmiyya (some) |
Beersheba (a very small number) |
|
12. Negev
|
Gaza |
Coastal areas outside the country |
||
|
|
Khan Yunis |
Maidal |
Beit Lahyia |
|
Nazla |
Khreibeh |
Damra |
|
13. Jerusalem
|
Hebron |
Bethlehem |
Beit Jala |
Ramallah |
|
Birzeit |
Transjordan |
Gaza and Egypt |
Syria (the rich) |
|
Lebanon (the rich) |
Egypt (the rich) |
|
c. Absorption problems
The integration of wealthy Arabs was not a problem in itself, as they took care of themselves and, to a greater or lesser extent, managed the new living costs. However, since the majority of migrants did not come from this social class, not to mention that many left without any assets, serious problems arose with integration when the waves of migration arrived. The problems became more and more serious over time. This was manifested in the fact that Arab countries constantly called on refugees to return to their homes and artificially pressured young men of military age to return to the front. The sheer number of declarations issued by Syria and Lebanon indicates that the refugees were becoming a serious burden and that they were clearly leaving their mark on the economies and societies of neighboring countries – especially Syria and Lebanon. It is no coincidence that Azzam Faha stated that the number of refugees from Eretz Yisrael abroad reaches 250,000 (the figure may be a slight exaggeration, but it is close to reality). It is also no coincidence that the Transjordanian radio station – Radio Jerusalem – began broadcasting announcements, a series of „educational lectures” to the people of Eretz Yisrael, urging them to return to their homeland and help „the war effort”, providing „conclusive evidence” that the returnees were not risking their lives, especially considering the fact that „only 10% is fighting anywhere in the world, while the rest are serving in the hinterland”, and especially „when the Arabs are on the verge of certain victory”. King Abdullah’s announcements regarding refugees, etc. are also typical. These announcements and statements simply demonstrate that already in the first weeks after the peak of migration, at the end of May and the beginning of June, the refugee problem in neighboring countries began to become a concern in various ways, which we will discuss below. The problem was particularly vexing because of the particularly large number of poor people among the migrants.
One of the important questions regarding the problem of Arab migration was whether or not the Arab migrant would become a fighter. The Arab fighter did not become a fighter. His only goal at the moment was to collect alms. He accepted the lowest standard of living and chose it instead of entering the war. Many factors are at play here, but two are of central importance: First, the assessment of Jewish strength and the crisis of confidence in the strength of the Arabs. Second, the war in Eretz Yisrael developed in such a way that there was no room for „volunteers” to fight, not to mention the fact that the main volunteer force, the „Liberation Army,” had disintegrated by that time. The refugee problem afflicting Arab countries has a significant impact on society and the economy and brings with it problems that will only get worse, especially since Arab countries are not taking serious, comprehensive and organized measures to solve the problem.
———-
Annex 1
Evacuated Arab villages by district :
a. Tel-Hai district
Total population: 23,790
20,620 people migrated
3170 left
| Village population in normal times | |||||
|
Madahil |
) |
|
Kirad al-Ghannameh |
|
350 |
|
Arabic al-'Azaziat |
) |
410 |
Kirad al-Baqqara |
|
360 degrees |
|
Khisas |
|
530 |
Deishum |
|
590 |
|
Zuq a-Tahtani |
) |
|
Maliki |
|
360 degrees |
|
Zuq al-Fawqani |
) |
1050 |
Nabi Yusha'’ |
|
70 |
|
Shawka |
|
200 |
Kadász |
|
320 |
|
Abil al-Qamh |
|
330 |
Apple |
|
950 |
|
Hunin |
|
1620 |
Saliha |
|
1130 |
|
Khalisa |
|
1840 |
Rihaniyya |
|
290 |
|
Naima |
|
1310 |
Ras al-Ahmar |
|
660 |
|
Lazzaza |
|
230 |
Melody |
|
360 degrees |
|
Qaitiyya |
|
940 |
Kadita |
|
240 |
| Manshiyya (together with Zuq a-Tahtani) | Ammuqa a-Tahta | ) | |||
|
Mansura |
|
360 degrees |
Ammuqa a-Fuqa |
) |
140 |
|
Abyssinia |
|
830 |
Ein Zaitun |
|
620 |
|
Dawwara |
|
700 |
Birija |
|
240 |
|
Hamra |
|
|
Mirun |
|
290 |
|
Muftakhira |
|
350 |
Mughr al-Kheit |
|
490 |
|
Salihiya |
|
1520 |
Mansourat al-Kheit |
|
900 |
|
Zawiya |
|
760 |
Arab al-Heib |
|
|
|
Yahula |
|
420 |
Jauna |
|
1150 |
|
Buwaiziyya |
|
510 |
Zhahiriya |
|
350 |
|
Khiyam al-Walid |
|
210 |
Akbara |
|
410 |
|
Dirbashiyya |
|
310 |
Safed |
|
5770 |
|
Ghuraba |
|
220 |
Samui |
|
310 |
|
Arab a-Zubaid |
) |
|
Fir'im |
|
740 |
|
Mallah |
) |
890 |
Kabba'a |
|
460 |
|
Baisamun |
|
20 |
Marus |
|
80 |
|
Ulmania |
|
260 |
Arab al-Zangharijya |
|
840 |
Evacuation degree
|
Date |
Village |
Full/Partial |
Reason for evacuation |
Evacuation route, notes |
|||||||||||||||||
|
18.1 |
Mughr al-Kheit |
F |
Our retaliation |
To Syria after our sheep were stolen herd |
|||||||||||||||||
|
„ |
Mansourat al-Kheit |
„ |
„” |
To Syria |
|||||||||||||||||
|
12.2 |
Shawka |
„ |
„” |
Shawka returned to Fuqaha shortly thereafter. |
|||||||||||||||||
|
26.3 |
Khisas |
P |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
29.3 |
Khiyam al-Walid |
F |
Participated attack on Lehavot |
To Syria. Some of them later returned. |
|||||||||||||||||
|
7.4 |
Madahil |
|
|
To the Golan Heights |
|||||||||||||||||
|
20.4 |
Arab a-Zubaid |
F |
General departure from the Mughrabi |
To Lebanon |
|||||||||||||||||
|
20.4 |
Ulmania |
F |
Our offer |
Many died. |
|||||||||||||||||
|
21.4 |
Husseiniya |
F |
The impact of our actions In Ulmania |
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
22.4 |
Kirad al-Baqqara |
F |
The impact of our actions „and fear of invasion. |
To Syria. Some joined the Syrians army |
|||||||||||||||||
|
22.4 |
Kirad al-Ghannameh |
F |
The effect of the action and fear of invasion |
To Syria. Some joined the Syrians army |
|||||||||||||||||
|
30.4 |
Madahil |
F |
Before the attack Kfar Szold |
To the Golan Heights. He knew the attacked him and then fled before him. |
|||||||||||||||||
|
1.5 |
Arabic al-'Azaziat |
F |
Attack on Kfar Sell |
To Banyas. I joined gangs. |
|||||||||||||||||
|
1.5 |
Khiyam al-Walid |
F |
„” |
To Saida, Syria. He fled completely. after returning earlier. |
|||||||||||||||||
|
1.5 |
Hamra |
F |
Attack on Lehavot, our harassment |
To Syria and Dirbashia. He participated in the attack on Lehavot. |
|||||||||||||||||
|
1.5 |
Ghuraba |
P |
Attack on Lehavot, our harassment |
To Syria and Dirbashia. He participated in the attack on Lehavot. |
|||||||||||||||||
|
1.5 |
Muftakhira |
P |
Attack on Lehavot |
In Dirbashiyya. Come back later. |
|||||||||||||||||
|
2.5 |
Ein Zaitun |
F |
Destruction village next to us |
Many died. |
|||||||||||||||||
|
2.5 |
Birija |
F |
„” |
„” |
|||||||||||||||||
|
2.5 |
Qaitiyya |
P |
Harassment, threats about the attack and the passage of the convoy |
He returned later. |
|||||||||||||||||
|
3.5 |
Hunin |
F |
Fear of our attacks |
In Lebanon |
|||||||||||||||||
|
4.5 |
Arab a-Zangharijya |
F |
Searches by us |
Syria (?) |
|||||||||||||||||
|
4.5 |
Arab al-Qudeiriyya |
F |
„” |
„ |
|||||||||||||||||
|
4.5 |
Arab as-Samakiya |
F |
„” |
„ |
|||||||||||||||||
|
9.5 |
Jauna |
F |
As Safed stumbled |
Ras al-Ahmar. Our deeds in Safed had an impact. |
|||||||||||||||||
|
9.5 |
Deishum |
F |
Concentration gangs, us, them and our actions |
To Lebanon |
|||||||||||||||||
|
10.5 |
Safed |
F |
Invaded |
Beirut, Damascus, Huran. Critic impact on the surrounding area. |
|||||||||||||||||
|
10.5 |
Akbara |
F |
Many died. |
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
10.5 |
Zhahiriya |
F |
Safe landing (?) |
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
10.5 |
Abil al-Qamh |
F |
Fear of invasion, Safed fell. |
To Lebanon. Some fled the beginning of events. |
|||||||||||||||||
|
11.5 |
Kadita |
F |
Fall of Safed's impact |
Sa'sa' – outside the borders of the state Israel. |
|||||||||||||||||
| 11.5 | Zuq a-Tahtani | F | ” ” ” „ | To Lebanon | |||||||||||||||||
| 11.5 | Khalisa | F | He asked for help in the fall of Safed. He refused. He fled. | ‘To 'Udaysha, Lebanon. It was there
We had an agreement with them before. We held our own. |
|||||||||||||||||
| 11.5 | Buwaiziyya | F | He fled to
Evacuation of Khalisa |
To Lebanon. They are afraid because they
they were standing in our traffic line. |
|||||||||||||||||
| 12,5 | Samui | F | Fall of Safad | ||||||||||||||||||
| 14.5 | Naima | F | ”" "„ | To Syria. He started negotiations.
in advance, but the fall of Safed was decided. |
|||||||||||||||||
| 14.5 | Shawka | F | ”"fear"
invasion |
To Syria | |||||||||||||||||
| 16,5 | Muftakhira | F | The sheikh was
He was afraid and left with everyone else. |
This is the last flight after they
once returned. |
|||||||||||||||||
| 16,5 | Nabi Yusha'’ | F | Against our attack
Police |
||||||||||||||||||
| 19,5 | Qaitiyya | F | Threats and ours
whispering operations by us |
Final exit as some have returned. | |||||||||||||||||
| 21,5 | Zuq al-Fawqani | F | Our whisper
operation and mortars |
The effect of mortars is strong. | |||||||||||||||||
| 21,5 | Lazzaza | F | Our whisper
operation |
To Syria | |||||||||||||||||
| 24,5 | Manshiya | F | Our whisper
operation |
To Lebanon. | |||||||||||||||||
| 24,5 | Zawiya | F | Our attack | Some to the Hula Swamps, others
Syria. |
|||||||||||||||||
| 24,5 | Ammuqa a-Tahta | F | Our offer | To Lebanon. | |||||||||||||||||
| 24,5 | Ammuqa a-Fuqa | F | ”" "„ | ”" "„ | |||||||||||||||||
| 25,5 | Khisas | F | Whispering
operation and safe effect |
To Syria | |||||||||||||||||
| 25,5 | Saliha | F | Our warnings and
Whisper operation |
Some into the swamps, others
Syria |
|||||||||||||||||
| 25,5 | Mansura | F | Our whisper
operation |
To Syria | |||||||||||||||||
| 25,5 | Baisamun | F | ”" "„ | „"„ | |||||||||||||||||
| 25,5 | Abbasiya | F | A flight from Mansura was affected by traffic | To Syria | |||||||||||||||||
| 25,5 | Dawwara | F | Whisper operation | Towards Dirbashiyya | |||||||||||||||||
| 25,5 | Salihiya | F | We wanted to negotiate. We didn't show up. We were afraid. | Friendly village, fear because we
did not show up to negotiate. |
|||||||||||||||||
| 26,5 | Fir'im | F | Our attack on them | To Lebanon | |||||||||||||||||
| 26,5 | Kabba'a | F | Our attack on them | „"„ | |||||||||||||||||
| 26,5 | Marus | F | Our attack on them and the surrounding area | „"(?) | |||||||||||||||||
| 28,5 | Maliki | F | Our occupation | To Lebanon. He wanted to return and tried to negotiate. | |||||||||||||||||
| 28,5 | Kadász | F | The impact of Malikiyya's occupation | To Lebanon | |||||||||||||||||
| 28,5 | Ghuraba | F | Final evacuation | ||||||||||||||||||
b. Sea of Galilee area
|
Village population in normal times |
|||
|
Maghar |
2140 |
Kafr Sabt |
480 |
|
Jaquq |
210 |
Samra and Nuqib |
290 |
|
as-Samakiya |
380 |
Kafr Kama |
660 |
|
a-Tabigha |
330 |
Ubeidiyya |
920 |
|
Ghuweir Abu Shusha |
1240 |
‘'Ulam |
720 |
|
Eilabun |
550 |
al-Hamah |
290 |
|
Maidal |
240 |
Hadatha |
550 |
|
Arab al-Mawasi |
1870 |
Tiberias |
5770 |
|
Bu'eineh |
540 |
Adasiyya |
|
|
Nimrin |
320 |
Sirin |
|
|
Hittin |
1190 |
Madhar |
510 |
|
Lubja |
2350 |
Samakh |
3660 |
|
Shajara |
770 |
Arab a-Zubaid |
|
|
Al-Manara |
490 |
Khirbat al-Qadish |
410 |
|
Arab Nasir a-Din |
90 |
|
|
Evacuation degree
|
Date |
Village |
Full/Partial |
Reason for evacuation |
Evacuation route, notes |
||||||
|
22.12 |
Tiberias |
– |
Fear |
From the outline area to the central areas |
||||||
|
1.2.48 |
Samakh |
P |
Tension as it settles at an intersection |
Mostly the rich, women and children were evacuated. Their 50% left before the full evacuation. |
||||||
|
5.3 |
Ubeidiyya |
F |
Fear is the next consequence surrounded by Jews |
Around Nazareth |
||||||
|
15.3 |
Adamiya |
F |
Transjordan government orders |
Because they are Persians, many Persia and the rest of Transjordan |
||||||
|
6.4 |
Sirin |
F |
Transjordan government orders |
Nazareth and the area of Transjordan |
||||||
| 6.4 | ‘'Ulam | F | „” | ”"" ""” | ||||||
| 6.4 | Hadatha | F | „” | ”"" ""” | ||||||
| 6.4 | Madhar | F | „” | ”"" ""” | ||||||
|
15.4 |
Samakh |
F |
They are afraid when heard about the Tiberias operation |
To the border villages of Transjordan. Bedouins. |
||||||
|
18.4 |
Tiberias |
F |
Our actions. The lack of local leaders. The rich had fled earlier |
Nazareth, Lubya, Hammah – Syria, Transjordan, Lebanon |
||||||
| 19.4 | Arab al-Zubaid | F | Tiberias effect. |
Ein Mahilba. Sometimes they come down to work in the fields |
||||||
| 21.4 | Samra and Nuqib | F | Tiberias effect | In the mountains of Syria. The village is inhabited by tenant farmers. Of Syrian origin. | ||||||
| 21.4 | Khirbat al-Qadish | „” | Towards Lubya and Samakh | |||||||
| 21.4 | Abu Ghuweir
Susa |
P | „” | |||||||
| 21.4 | Arabic Shajara | P | „” | Nazareth | ||||||
| 21.4 | Samakh | P | Against our attack
Samakh |
To Transjordan. The foreigners didn't let everyone go. | ||||||
| 22.4 | Maidal | F | Our attack.
Tiberias and the Samakh effect |
To Transjordan. They were transported by buses. | ||||||
| 22.4 | Kafr Sabt | F | Tiberias and
Samakh effect |
|||||||
| 23.4 | Nasir a-Din | F | The band's appearance | Lubja and its surroundings | ||||||
| 28.4 | Samakh | F | The police's job | Hamah to Transjordan | ||||||
| „"„ | Ghuwier | F | It was the fall of Tiberias
very strong effect |
|||||||
| 28.4 | Abu Susa | F | Fall of Samakh | In the surrounding mountains | ||||||
| 1.5 | a-Tabigha | F | Samakh effect | To Syria and Safed | ||||||
| 6.5 | Arabic Shajara | F | Our attack | To the area around Nazareth. | ||||||
about Gilboa district
|
Village population in normal times
|
|||||
|
Qumya |
450 |
Arab al-Bawati |
) |
|
|
|
Shulammite |
500 |
Kafr Bawiti |
) |
700 |
|
|
Dahi |
120 |
Hamidiya |
|
300 |
|
|
No |
200 |
Beit Shean |
|
5000 |
|
|
Indur |
600 |
Arab as-Zinati |
|
500 |
|
|
Tamra |
70 |
Arab 'Arida |
) |
|
|
|
Kafr Misr |
400 |
Arab Sofa |
) |
600 |
|
|
Tira Harb |
200 |
Arab al-Khuneizir |
|
400 |
|
|
To Taiyi |
450 |
Farwaniya |
|
350 |
|
|
Naura |
250 |
Samaria |
|
500 |
|
|
Kafra |
700 |
Jabbul |
|
250 |
|
|
Yubla |
150 |
Zirin |
|
1300 (outside the country) |
|
|
Murassas |
600 |
Nouris |
|
700 |
|
|
Dana |
400 |
Mazar |
|
350 |
|
|
Bira |
500 |
Sandals |
|
350 |
|
| Kawkab al-Hawa |
600 |
High Falcon |
|
120 |
|
|
Arab al-Bashatiwa |
1000 |
Arabic a-Szakhina |
|
200 |
|
The extent of the discharge
|
Date |
Village |
|
Full/ Partial |
Reason for evacuation |
Evacuation route, notes |
||
|
30.3 |
Qumya |
|
F |
Isolation among Jews, lack of transportation and work |
To Beit Shean, Nazareth and Transjordan |
||
|
30.3 |
Bawiti |
|
F |
Easy retaliation |
To Transjordan. Bedouin |
||
|
15.4 |
Tira |
|
F |
Friendly Jewish advice |
|
||
|
1.5 |
Beit Shean |
|
P |
Fear and the Haifa Effect |
To the Triangle and Transjordan |
||
|
1.5 |
Jabbul |
|
P |
Fear |
|
||
|
1.5 |
Hamidiya |
|
P |
Fear, proximity to Jews |
|
||
|
1.5 |
Zirin |
|
P |
Factors in our attacks |
|
||
|
11.5 |
Farwaniya |
|
F |
Our offer |
Towards the Triangle |
||
|
12,5 |
Beit Shean |
|
F |
Occupation. Fear. Haifa effect |
The evacuation lasted until 22.5. |
||
|
12,5 |
Hamidiya |
|
F |
The fall of Beit Shean |
To Transjordan, to the Triangle (Arraba) |
||
|
12,5 |
Samaria |
|
P |
Farwana's influence |
Towards the Triangle |
||
|
16,5 |
Kawkab al-Hawa |
|
F |
Our occupation of the village |
Towards Transjordan |
||
|
16,5 |
Kafra |
|
F |
Kawkab effect occupation |
To Transjordan and the Triangle |
||
|
16,5 |
Yubla |
|
F |
Kawkab action effect |
Towards Transjordan |
||
| 16,5 | Murassas | F | „ „ „ | „ | |||
| 16,5 | Dana | F | „ „ „ | „ | |||
| 16,5 | Bira | F | „ „ „ | „ | |||
| 16,5 | Arab al-Bashatiwa | F | „ „ „ | „ | |||
|
16,5 |
Arabic a-Szakhina |
|
F |
Because of the attack on Tira Zvi. Afraid to be around Jews. Harassment. – catalyst. |
He went up to Gilboa. |
||
|
18,5 |
Jabbul |
|
F |
The impact of what we did in Kawkab |
To Transjordan? |
||
|
20,5 |
Shulammite |
|
F |
Members of the Zu'biya. patronized Arabs. |
To Nazareth. |
||
|
20,5 |
Dahi |
|
F |
|
To Nazareth. |
||
|
20,5 |
No |
) |
F |
Evacuated upon arrival |
„ |
||
|
20,5 |
Tamra |
) |
F |
threatening letters to |
„ |
||
|
20,5 |
Kafr Misr |
) |
F |
gangs, and with the arrival of |
„ |
||
|
20,5 |
Tira Harb |
) |
F |
foreigners coming to the area – they are afraid of it |
„ |
||
|
20,5 |
To Taiyi |
) |
F |
their villages would be occupied |
„ |
||
|
20,5 |
Naura |
) |
F |
by foreigners |
|
||
|
20,5 |
Khuneizir |
F |
|
Beit Shean and Gesher front |
Towards Gilboa |
||
|
20,5 |
Arab Sofa |
F |
|
„” |
to Transjordan (originally from here Transjordan |
||
|
20,5 |
Arab 'Arida |
F |
|
„” |
„” |
||
|
20,5 |
Arab as-Zinati |
F |
|
„” |
„” |
||
|
24,5 |
Indur |
F |
|
„” |
To the area around Nazareth |
||
|
27,5 |
Samaria |
F |
|
Our action in the village |
Towards the Triangle |
||
|
28,5 |
Dana |
F |
|
Our notification of the evacuation |
|
||
|
28,5 |
Zirin |
F |
|
Profession |
|
||
|
30,5 |
Mazar |
F |
|
|
|
||
|
31,5 |
Sandals |
F |
Influenced by Mazar's occupation |
||||
d. Jezreel District
|
Population in normal times |
||||
|
Nazareth |
14 200 |
Ghubayya Fawqa |
) |
|
|
Zipporah |
4330 |
Ghubayya Tahta |
) |
|
|
Kafr Manda |
1260 |
Naghnaghiya |
) |
1260 |
|
Rummanah |
880 |
Abu Susa |
|
720 |
|
Kaffir Can |
1960 |
Qira |
|
140 |
|
Reina |
1200 |
Umm a-Zinat |
|
1450 |
|
Mashhad |
660 |
a-Rihaniyya |
|
340 |
|
Illut |
1310 |
Daliyat a-Rawha |
|
310 |
|
Ma'lul |
690 |
Buteimat |
|
110 |
|
Yafia |
1400 |
Khubbeiza |
|
290 |
|
Iksal |
1000 |
Umm al-Shawf |
|
530 |
|
Dabburiya |
1290 |
Umm al-Fahm |
|
4000 |
|
Ein Mahil |
1040 |
Arabic a-Zubaidat |
|
|
|
Sejera (sea) Galilee District) |
|
Arab al-Khalf |
|
|
|
Lid al-'Awadin |
710 |
Arab As-Saida |
|
|
|
Ain al-Mansi |
100 |
Arabic al-Kabiyya |
|
|
|
Laijun |
600 |
Arab al-Hujayrat |
|
200 |
|
Jenin |
3850 |
Arab al-Javamys |
|
150 |
|
Zabuba |
560 |
Arab al-Mazarib |
|
100 |
|
Arabic Susaf |
150 |
Arab al-Ghazalin |
|
|
|
Arab Hudeidin |
|
Arab Zbeih |
|
1500 |
|
Kufreind |
920 |
Arab Sayyida |
|
|
|
Waldheim |
260 |
Beit Lahem |
|
8800 |
|
Mujahideen song |
1600 |
|
|
|
The extent of the discharge
|
Date |
Village |
c |
Reason for evacuation |
Evacuation route, notes |
||||||||
|
|
Shajara |
F |
Our attack |
Nazareth, Tur'an, En-Mahil |
||||||||
|
|
Lid al-'Awadin |
F |
Mishmar HaEmek effect |
To the Triangle. He tried to return, and expelled. |
||||||||
|
|
Ain al-Mansi |
F |
Our attack |
Towards the Triangle |
||||||||
|
|
Laijun |
F |
„” |
„ |
||||||||
|
|
Jenin |
F |
„” |
„". A serious focus of the invasion |
||||||||
|
|
Rummanah |
F |
Fear of attack |
Towards the Triangle |
||||||||
|
|
Zabuba |
F |
„” |
„ |
||||||||
|
|
Ghubayya Fawqa |
F |
Our attack |
„ |
||||||||
|
|
Ghubayya Tahta |
F |
„” |
„ |
||||||||
|
|
Abu Susa |
F |
„” |
„ |
||||||||
|
|
Qira |
F |
Fear and the impact of attacks on the area. |
Towards Transjordan |
||||||||
|
|
Umm a-Zinat |
F |
Our attack |
To Karmel and Umm al-Fahm |
||||||||
| Rihaniyya | F | Fear | „ „ „ | |||||||||
|
|
Daliyat a-Rawha |
F |
Fear |
Towards the Triangle |
||||||||
|
|
Buteimat |
F |
„ |
Towards Umm al-Fahm |
||||||||
|
|
Khubbeiza |
F |
„ |
„ |
||||||||
| 16.4 |
Arabic a-Zubaidat |
F |
Ramat Yohanan incidents |
Tzipori lands |
||||||||
| Arab al-Khalf | F | „ | „” | |||||||||
| Arab Sayyida | F | „” | „” | |||||||||
|
|
Arab al-Mazarib |
P |
Concerns |
|
||||||||
|
|
Arab Zbeih |
P |
Our attack |
Tur'an, Nazareth, Carmel |
||||||||
|
|
Arab As-Saida |
F |
Mishmar HaEmek Incidents |
To the Carmel |
||||||||
|
|
Arab al-Hujayrat |
F |
Mishmar HaEemek, Ramat Yohanan incidents |
Towards Tzipori |
||||||||
|
|
Arabic Susaf |
F |
|
To Abu Susa and Mansi |
||||||||
| 9.2 | Arab Hudeidin | F | „ „ „ | |||||||||
|
|
Naghnaghiya |
F |
|
|
||||||||
|
|
Kufreind |
F |
||||||||||
e. Haifa and Western Galilee District
|
District population in normal times |
|||
|
Shfaram |
3950 |
Manshiya |
1140 |
|
Balad a-Sheikh |
4500 |
Sumerian |
820 |
|
Haifa |
71200 |
A-Zib |
2050 |
|
Al-Mazra'a |
460 |
al-Bassa |
3140 |
|
Ard al-Sharis |
|
Umm al-Faraj |
860 |
|
Yajur |
610 |
Nahr |
3070 |
|
Ghabisijya |
740 |
Amqa |
1930 |
|
Fureidis |
870 |
Kuvaik |
1130 |
|
Acre |
15000 |
Damun |
340 |
|
Ein Ghazal |
2410 |
Sheikh Daud |
590 |
|
Ijzim |
2970 |
Kafr Lam |
380 |
|
Iqrit |
520 |
Ein Hawd |
380 |
|
Quseir |
320 |
Jabba |
1270 |
|
Bills |
1800 |
|
|
|
Cabri |
1640 |
|
|
|
Umm a-Zinat |
1470 |
|
|
The extent of the discharge
|
Date |
Village |
Full/ Partial |
Reason for evacuation |
Evacuation route, notes |
|||||||
|
7.1 |
Balad a-Sheikh |
P |
Refinery incident |
To the Triangle and Acre |
|||||||
|
7.1 |
Hawassa |
P |
„” |
„” |
|||||||
|
3.2 |
Haifa |
P |
I'm afraid of what's to come. |
Syria and Lebanon, especially rich evacuated |
|||||||
|
6.2 |
Mazraa |
F |
Surrounded by Jews |
Some remained under protection General McMillan |
|||||||
|
12.2 |
Ard al-Sharis |
F |
Appearance of a foreign force |
Towards Shfaram |
|||||||
|
18.2 |
Yajur |
P |
|
|
|||||||
|
18.2. |
Haifa |
P |
Fear for children |
To Lebanon. [Archbishop George] Hakim's surgery |
|||||||
|
15.3 |
Arab al-Ghuneima |
P |
Haifa effect |
To and around Damun |
|||||||
|
4.4 |
Hawassa |
Many |
|
|
|||||||
|
4.4 |
Ghabisijya |
P |
|
|
|||||||
|
18.4 |
Jaguar |
Many |
The appearance of Muhammad Mahmoud |
To the Triangle, Kabri and Acre. |
|||||||
|
20.4 |
Shfaram |
P |
Druze defeat at Ramat Yohanan |
To Nazareth |
|||||||
|
22.4 |
Tira |
P |
Appearance of foreigners |
|
|||||||
|
22.4 |
Haifa |
Most |
Haifa occupation operation |
To Lebanon, Syria, Acre, Triangle and Tantura |
|||||||
|
24.4 |
Reidis [Fureidis?] |
Many |
Order from the Arab army to evacuate women and children |
|
|||||||
|
25.4 |
Acre |
The rich |
Haifa's action effect |
To the border villages, to Lebanon |
|||||||
| 25.4 | A-Sheikh | Everyone | „ „ „ | „ „ „ | |||||||
| 25.4 | Hawassa | F | „ „ „ | „ „ „ | |||||||
| 25.4 | Yajur | F | „ „ „ | „ „ „ | |||||||
| 25.4 | Ein Ghazal | P | „ „ „ | Towards the Triangle | |||||||
| 25.4 | Ijzim | P | „ „ „ | „ | |||||||
| 26.4 | Iqrit | P | Rumor about the convoy to Yehiam | Northward, to the border | |||||||
| 27.4 | Quseir | P | Haifa effect | Northwards | |||||||
| 1.5 | Acre | Many | „” | ||||||||
| 2.5 | Bills | All | For Sasha and Shaab | ||||||||
| 3.5 | Tira | Many | Appearance of foreigners. | Foreigners' Center | |||||||
| 5.5 | Cabri | All | Fear of retaliation after attack on Ehud | [illegible], Lebanon, north | |||||||
| 6.5 | Acre | Many | Harassment, typhus epidemic | To Haifa, Transjordan, Syria | |||||||
f. Central Region and Jaffa District
|
District population in normal times |
|||
|
Tantura |
1650 |
Fardisya |
20 |
|
Fureidis |
870 |
Arab an-Nuseirat |
|
|
Sabbarin |
1880 |
Tira |
3440 |
|
Sindiyana |
1390 |
Qalansuwa |
1660 |
|
Umm a-Shawf |
480 |
Arab al-Rumeilat |
|
|
Bureika |
320 |
(Near HaMaapil) |
|
|
Arab al-Ghawarina |
690 |
Sayyidna 'Ali |
|
|
Qannir |
750 |
Jlil |
1020 |
|
Kafr Kara |
1510 |
Kafr Saba |
1370 |
|
Arab Turkmen |
|
Biyar 'Adas |
300 |
|
Arab al-Bara |
|
Sheikh Muwannis |
2000 |
|
Qisarya |
1240 |
|
|
|
Wadi 'Ara |
260 |
Arab Abu Kishk |
1900 |
|
Arctic |
|
Arabic salami |
800 |
|
Dumeira |
620 |
Miska |
650 |
|
Arabic al-Fuqara |
340 |
Khirbat 'Azzun |
994 |
|
Arabic a-Nufei'at |
910 |
Myrrh |
190 |
|
Macaw |
890 |
Faja |
1360 |
|
Kh. Zalafa |
370 |
Arab al-Dzamala |
|
|
Khirbat Manshiya |
280 |
Yahudiya |
6560 |
|
Arabic Hawaiian |
1440 |
Kafr 'Ana |
2000 |
|
Umm Khalid |
1050 |
Sakiya |
1240 |
|
Khirbat Beit Lid |
500 |
Khairiyya |
1600 |
|
Straw |
7610 |
Jammasin |
2050 |
The extent of the discharge
| Date |
Village |
Full/Partial |
Reason for evacuation |
Evacuation route, notes |
|||
| 21.2 |
Khirbat 'Azzun |
P |
|
‘To the village of 'Azzun, Sheikh Muwannis, the first village to be evacuated in this area. |
|||
| 25.12 |
Summeil |
Everyone |
|
Jammasin |
|||
| 31.12 |
Arab al-Balawina |
Everyone |
Fear |
|
|||
| 7.1 |
Jammasin |
Many |
|
|
|||
| 12.1 |
Qisarya |
Start |
|
|
|||
| 31.1 |
Arab Abu Rizik |
Everyone |
|
|
|||
| 3.2 |
Arab an-Nuseirat |
Everyone |
Our actions |
To Taybeh, towards Qalansuwa. The village is empty. |
|||
| 3.2 |
Sayyidna 'Ali |
Everyone |
Fear of hostile action. Surrounded |
Qalqiliyah and its surroundings. The village was occupied by our troops. |
|||
| 3.2 |
Kafr Mirr |
Everyone |
General fear |
Kafr Kasem and the mountains. The village is empty. |
|||
| 8.2 |
Jarmala |
P |
Gang orders |
Towards Kafr Qasem |
|||
| 9.2 |
Qisarya |
P |
The rate of evacuation [has increased significantly] |
|
|||
| 11.2 |
Arabic a-Shubak |
Everyone |
Retaliation by dissidents |
Arabic Abunak [kišk] |
|||
| 11.2 |
Khirbat 'Azzun |
Everyone |
Fear and actions |
‘To the village of 'Azzun |
|||
| 15.2 |
Arab Turkmen |
Everyone |
Fear of our hostile action |
Mansi Wad, Almuha |
|||
| 15.2 |
Qisarya |
Everyone |
Occupied by our forces |
Tantura, Haifa village empty |
|||
| 15.2 |
Kafr Mirr |
– |
Some returned |
|
|||
| 15.2 |
Arab al-Rumeilat (Near HaMaapil) |
F |
General fear and whispering operation by us |
To the mountain and Bureij |
|||
| 15.2 |
Arab al-Rumeilat (near Netanya) |
P |
General fear and whispering operation by us |
To the mountain and Bureij. 150 May 4th. |
|||
| 15.2 |
Arab al-Rumeilat (near Kadima) |
F |
General fear and whispering operation by us |
To the mountain and Bureij |
|||
| 15.2 |
Arabic Haweitat |
F |
General fear |
To the mountains between Taybeh and Irtah. |
|||
| 17.2 |
Dakaba |
Everyone |
Appearance of foreigners on the scene. |
|
|||
| 17.2 |
Faja |
P |
After the Irgun operation. |
|
|||
| 25.2 |
Arabic Hejazi |
Everyone |
|
|
|||
| 27.2 |
Wadi 'Ara |
Everyone |
After the attack on Ma'anit |
‘'Ar'ara, Ya'bed. Our forces have occupied it. |
|||
| 6.3 |
Bureika |
Everyone |
|
|
|||
| 15.3 |
Arab Mahadw |
Everyone |
They fear retaliation after an Arab mine was laid nearby |
Towards Tulkarm. The village is empty. |
|||
| 15.3 |
Arabic Hawaiian |
Everyone |
After sabotaging Arab transport near the village |
Qaqun, Baqa al-Gharbiyye. The village is empty. |
|||
| 17.3 |
Jammasin |
Most |
General fear |
Towards Ghasam |
|||
| 20.3 |
Umm Khalid |
Everyone |
It is located within a Jewish community. It is afraid of it and of hostile actions. |
Tulkarm. Our forces captured it. |
|||
| 20.3 |
Khirbat Beit Lid |
Start |
After we sabotaged Arab transportation |
Towards Beit Lid. The village is empty. |
|||
| 23.3 |
Arab al-Koz |
Everyone |
|
Towards Lod |
|||
| 30.3 |
Arab Abu Kishk |
Everyone |
After his divisive performance in Sheikh Muwannis |
Kharish |
|||
| 30.3 |
Sheikh Muwannis |
Everyone |
After the kidnapping by dissidents |
Qalqilya, abroad. He fled with the Arabs. Abu Kishk. |
|||
| 30.3 |
Arabic salami |
Everyone |
The influence of dissidents in Sheikh Muwannis |
Kharish |
|||
| 30.3 |
Arabic a-Nufei'at |
Everyone |
|
To the north |
|||
| 1.4 |
Jaramalla |
Everyone |
General fear |
Majdal Kafr Qasem. Some people come to work during the day. |
|||
| 3.4 |
Arabic Imrir |
Everyone |
After the robbery and murder committed by dissidents |
To the area of Qalqilya and Jaljulia. The place is empty. |
|||
| 3.4 |
Arab al-Hawk |
Everyone |
After the robbery and murder committed by dissidents |
Taybeh, Tira. Some returned to their Negev tribe. |
|||
| 3.4 |
Arab al-Fallaq |
Everyone |
Cattle raiding and transportation problems by the Irgun |
Tira and Triangle. The village is empty. |
|||
| 3.4 |
Jlil |
Everyone |
The influence and actions of dissidents in Sheikh Muwannis |
Kalkiliya and Tira. Our team captured them. |
|||
| 3.4 | Khirbat 'Azzun | End | Evacuation ended at the request of the Haganah | ‘To the village of 'Azzun. The village was occupied by our forces. | |||
| 5.4 | Qannir | P | The beginning of the evacuation. Fear of our actions | Jenin area. | |||
| 5.4 | Khirbat Beit Lid | Everyone | Fear. Transportation | Towards Beit Lid | |||
| 10.4 | Arabic al-Fuqara | Everyone | They were ordered to evacuate from the Haganah. | Baqa al-Gharbiyye, Jit. The village is empty. | |||
| 10.4 | Arabic a-Nufei'at | Everyone | They were ordered to evacuate from the Haganah. | Baqa al-Gharbiyye, Jit. The village is empty. | |||
| 10.4 | Bamariya | Everyone | They were ordered to evacuate from the Haganah. | Baqa al-Gharbiyye, Jit. The village is empty. | |||
| 12.4 | Biyar 'Adas | Everyone | Our activities in the area | Jaljuliya and its surroundings. Our forces occupied it. | |||
| 15.4 | Arctic | Everyone | I received orders from the Haganah to leave. | Wadi al-Moya, Baqa al-Gharbiyye, Jit. The village is empty. | |||
| 15.4 | Khirbat Zalafa | Everyone | The effect of proximity | „"Atil, Zeita. According to our prior agreement."” | |||
| 15.4 | Khirbat Manshiya | Everyone | The effect of proximity | According to the preliminary agreement between us. | |||
| 15.4 | Miska | Everyone | By order of the Haganah | Tira, Qalqiliyah. Our team captured it. | |||
| 15.4 | Abu Zureiq | Everyone | |||||
| 17.4 | Arab al-Bara | Everyone | Fear of our hostile actions | To Sarkas, to Tantura. To Ein Ghoz, to Ijzim. The village is empty. | |||
| 17.4 | Kafr 'Ana | P | Ramla, Lod. | ||||
| 20.4 | Sawalima | Everyone | Occupied by our forces | Ramla, Lod and its surroundings. | |||
| 25.4 | Sakiya | Everyone | Occupied by our forces | Ramla, Lod and its surroundings. | |||
| 25.4 | Khairiyya | Everyone | |||||
| 25.4 | Straw | Everyone | Occupied by our forces | Ramla, Lod and its surroundings. | |||
| 25.4 | Kafr 'Ana | Everyone | Occupied by our forces | Ramla, Lod and its surroundings. | |||
| 25.4 | Qannir | End | The effect of the area – incited fear | Jenin area. The village was destroyed. | |||
| 25.4 | Beit Dajan | Everyone | After the occupation of Khairiyya | Harassment of Jews. Yahudiyya. Lod, Ramla | |||
| 26.4 | Bureika | Everyone | Fear | Towards Sindiyana | |||
| 26.4 | Arctic | Everyone | Fear of actions | Towards Lod | |||
| 28.4 | Rantiya | Everyone | After our attack | Laban, Shuqba, al-Manar, Yahudiyya, | |||
| 1.5 | Yazur | Everyone |
Harassment by Jews Jaffa effect |
Lod, Jammasin and Sheikh Muwannis | |||
| 2.5 | Sindiyana | P. | Fear of Arab revenge for lending to Jews | ||||
| 4.5 | Yahudiya | Everyone | The Irgun occupied | Ramla, Lod and its surroundings. Captured by the Irgun. | |||
| 4.5 | Tira (Qaqun) | P. | The impact of the attack on Qannir | Men are still there. | |||
| 5.5 | Bureika | Everyone | "Inin, Rummanah. Some are present - they have surrendered.". | ||||
| 6.5 | Tantura | P. | Evacuation of women and children | ||||
| 8.5 | Kafr Kara | Everyone | Our attack on them. | „"Ar'arah, Barta'ah, Ya'bad. The village is empty."” | |||
| 8.5 | ‘'Ana | Everyone | The impact of our attack on Kafr Qara | „"Ar'arah, Ein Salha. The village is empty."” | |||
| 10.5 | Arab al-Dzamala | End | General fear. | Come on, Kafr Qasem, come in to work during the day. | |||
| 14.5 | Sabbarin | Everyone | The Irgun occupied | ‘'Ar'ara, Ya'bed. The Irgun occupied it. | |||
| 14.5 | Sindiyana | Everyone | The Irgun occupied | ‘'Ar'ara, Ya'bed. The Irgun occupied it. | |||
| 14.5 | Umm a-Shawf | Everyone | The Irgun occupied | Rummanah, Umm al-Fahm. Occupied by the Irgun. | |||
| 14.5 | Kalkiliya | P. | Women and children. | It was a reception point, then turned into a flight point | |||
| 15.5 | Arab Jalad | Everyone | The impact of the Jewish state [declaration] | Tulkarm, Danaba. The village is empty. | |||
| 15.5 | Kafr Saba | Everyone | Occupied by our forces | Qalqilīja district. Our forces captured it. | |||
| 15.5 | Faja |
Everyone (end) |
Our Pressure – Whisper Operation | Into the mountains – the few remaining ones remained. | |||
| 19,5 | Kalkiliya | Everyone | After our harassment measures. | ||||
| 20,5 | Bubble | Everyone | Harassing acts on our part. | ||||
| 21,5 | Tantura | Everyone | Our forces occupied it. | Everyone is being held captive in their own place. Our troops are in the village. | |||
g. South and the Negev
|
Population in normal times |
||||
|
Bureir[*] |
|
4000 |
al-Mansurah |
100 |
|
Huleiqat |
) |
1500 |
Arabic Suqreir |
430 |
|
Kawkaba |
) |
Yasur |
1070 |
|
|
Najd |
|
600 |
Sawafir Gharbiyya |
1030 |
|
Amount |
|
1200 |
Savafir Shamaliya |
680 |
|
Jamma |
|
150 |
Julius |
1130 |
|
Muharraq |
) |
1100 |
Batani a-Sharqi |
710 |
|
Kawfakha |
) |
Barqa |
980 |
|
|
Huh |
|
800 |
Beit Daras |
3010 |
|
Beit Tima |
|
1060 |
Arab as-Satariyya (Abu Khatab) |
|
|
Sarafand al-Kharab |
|
1130 |
Naani |
2270 |
|
Wadi Hunain |
|
1770 |
Abu Susa |
950 |
|
Shafun |
|
|
Saidun |
230 |
|
Arab Satirical (Abu Suwayra) |
|
|
Khulda |
300 |
| Arabian Ruby | 1550 | Dayr Muheisin | 360 degrees | |
|
To Qube |
|
1870 |
Beit Jiz |
600 |
|
Zarnuga |
|
2600 |
al-Kabab |
2160 |
|
Jibna |
|
5920 |
Shahma |
310 |
| Bir Salim | 950 | Bureir[*] | 4000 | |
| Aqir | 2710 | |||
| Moghar | 1900 | |||
| Bashshit | 1770 | |||
| Qatar | 1320 | |||
[*name of the settlement repeated in the original Hebrew]
The extent of the discharge
|
Date |
Village |
Full/ Partial |
Reason for evacuation |
Evacuation route |
Comments |
|
12,5 |
Bureir |
F. |
Our actions |
Mostly for Majdal and others: Beit Lahiya, Nazla Hirbiya |
|
|
12,5 |
Huleiqat |
F. |
Bureir evacuation effect |
Nazla Hirbiya, Beit Lahiya, Majdal. |
|
|
12,5 |
Kawkaba |
F. |
Bureir evacuation effect |
Nazla Hirbiya, Beit Lahiya, Majdal. |
|
|
12,5 |
Najd |
F. |
Our ultimatum |
Nazla Hirbiya, Beit Lahiya, Majdal. |
Over time, some returned. |
|
12,5 |
Amount |
F. |
Our ultimatum |
Nazla Hirbiya, Beit Lahiya, Majdal. |
Over time, some returned. |
|
22,5 |
Jamma |
F. |
Our actions. |
|
They remained in their own territory, being half Bedouin. |
|
25.2 |
Muharraq |
F. |
Our actions. |
|
They remained in their own territory, being half Bedouin. |
|
25,5 |
Kawfakha |
F. |
Our actions. |
|
They remained in their own territory, being half Bedouin. |
|
28,5 |
Huh |
F. |
Ultimatum |
Towards Dimra |
|
|
29,5 |
Beit Tima |
F. |
Our actions. |
|
|
|
20.4.48 |
Sarafand al-Kharab |
F. |
Fear. Surrounded. |
Ramla, Lod |
Handing over the Rishon Le Tzion police to us. |
|
17.4.48 |
Wadi Hunain |
„ |
Bombing of Hassan Salameh's headquarters. |
„” |
|
|
9.5.48 |
Shafun |
„ |
Occupation of Beer Yaakov camp |
„” |
|
|
9.5.48 |
Arab Abu al-Fadl |
„ |
„” |
Qubeiba, Yibna |
|
|
9.5.48 |
Arab Satirical (Humeida) |
„ |
|
Arrived |
|
|
1.6.58 [sic] |
Arabian Ruby |
„ |
As a result of our action, they were expelled |
Beach sand, south of Yibna |
|
|
27.5.48 |
To Qube |
„ |
Our action, expulsion |
Jibna Sands, Ashdod |
|
|
27.5.48 |
Zarnuga |
„ |
Occupation and expulsion |
Jibnah and Ashdod |
|
|
4.6.48 |
Jibna |
„ |
„” |
To southern communities, all the way to Gaza |
All the inhabitants of Jibnah, Zarnuga, and Kub. They went south as far as Gaza, when they occupied these places. |
|
9.5.48 |
Bir Salim |
„ |
Attack on an orphanage |
Ramla – Lod |
|
|
6.5.48 |
Aqir |
F. |
Our action, busy |
Mughar, Bashshit, Yibna, Ramla |
Some people stayed in the village (women, elderly people and children) |
|
18.5.48 |
Moghar |
F. |
Profession. |
Yibna, Ashdod, Gaza, Khan Yunis |
|
|
13.5.48 |
Bashshit |
„ |
„ |
Mughar, Yibna, Gaza and surrounding areas |
|
|
17.5.48 |
Qatar |
„ |
„ |
Masmiyya |
It was a protectorate village until the Egyptians arrived near Ashdod. |
|
20.4.48 |
al-Mansurah |
„ |
„ |
The village was completely destroyed. |
|
|
25.1.48 |
Arab Sucreir (Abu Suwayra) |
„ |
„ |
South to the sand and Gaza |
|
|
11.6.48 |
Yasur |
|
„ |
|
|
|
18.5.48 |
Sawafir Gharbiyya |
„ |
He fled as the front approached Hamama. |
|
|
|
18.5.48 |
Savafir Shamaliya |
„ |
„” |
|
|
|
11.6.48 |
Julius |
„ |
Profession |
|
|
|
13.5.48 |
Batani a-Sharqi |
F |
Profession |
Ashdod, Hamama |
|
|
13.5.48 |
Barqa |
„ |
„ |
Hamama, Ashdod |
|
|
11.5.48 |
Beit Daras |
„ |
„ |
„ |
|
|
9.5.48 |
Arab Satire by Abu Khatab |
„ |
He fled due to nearby military operations. |
Yibna sand |
|
|
14.5.48 |
Naani |
„ |
|
Some to Ramla, some to Qazaza. The village was under protection after it surrendered. They abandoned it on June 10th. |
|
|
20.5.48 |
Abu Susa |
„ |
Profession |
|
|
|
20.1.48 |
Saidun |
„ |
Abandoned village |
|
|
|
20.4.48 |
Khulda |
„ |
Profession |
|
|
|
20.4.48 |
Dayr Muheisin |
„ |
„ |
|
|
|
20.4.48 |
Beit Jiz |
„ |
„ |
|
|
|
|
Beit Susin |
„ |
„ |
|
|
|
|
al-Kabab |
„ |
„ |
|
|
|
14.5.48 |
Shahma |
„ |
Measures in the area |
|
Abandoned village |
h. Jerusalem area
|
Population in normal times |
|||
|
Elevator |
2730 |
Castle |
100 |
|
Qalandia |
200 |
Saris |
600 |
|
Beit Safafa |
1510 |
Bidu |
560 |
|
al-'Eizariyah |
1130 |
Nabi Samwil |
210 |
|
Abu Dis |
2070 |
a-Tur |
2960 |
|
Beit Sahur |
2590 |
Beit Hanina |
1700 |
|
Bethlehem |
9140 |
Judayra |
200 |
|
Beit Jala |
3740 |
Bayt Nabala |
630 |
|
Jericho |
3210 |
al-Jib |
890 |
|
Essiac |
780 |
Rafat |
300 |
|
Dayr Yasin |
650 |
Sufat |
810 |
|
‘'I am Karim |
3390 |
Dayr Muheisin |
500 |
|
Qalunya |
970 |
Beit Jiz |
600 |
|
Beit Iksa |
880 |
Beit Surik |
510 |
|
Malliha |
2070 |
Dayr Ayyub |
350 |
|
Ramallah |
5180 |
|
|
The extent of the discharge
|
Date |
Village |
Full/ Partial |
Reason for evacuation |
Evacuation route, notes |
|
||||
|
31.12 |
Elevator |
P. |
|
Towards Malliha |
|
||||
|
1.1 |
Arab Rome |
Everyone |
|
|
|
||||
|
1.1 |
Upper Lift |
Everyone |
|
Towards Malliha |
|
||||
|
2.1 |
Jerusalem – Katamon |
Many |
|
To Egypt, Lebanon |
|
||||
|
4.1 |
Qalandia |
Everyone |
|
|
|
||||
|
5.1 |
Jerusalem – Katamon |
Many |
|
To Egypt, Lebanon |
|
||||
|
8.1 |
Jerusalem – Sheikh Jarrah |
Very much |
|
|
|
||||
|
9.1 |
Jerusalem – Schneller |
Everyone |
|
Beit Nabala, Ramallah |
|
||||
|
11.1 |
Jerusalem – Musrara |
Very much |
|
|
|
||||
|
18.1 |
Beit Safafa |
P. |
|
|
|
||||
|
18.1 |
Jerusalem – Sheikh Badr |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
27.1 |
‘'Eizariyah |
Many |
|
Mostly towards Hebron. |
|
||||
| 27.1 | Abu Dis | Many | „ | „” | |||||
| 27.1 | Beit Sahur | Many | „ | „” | |||||
| 27.1 | Beit Safafa | Many | „ | „” | |||||
|
1.2 |
Bethlehem |
Small part |
|
To Jericho and Transjordan |
|
||||
| 1.2 | Beit Jala | „ | „ | „ „ „ | |||||
|
4.2 |
Jerusalem – near Talpiyot |
Everyone |
|
|
|
||||
|
12.2 |
Jerusalem – Talbiye |
Everyone |
Our propaganda |
|
|
||||
|
16.2 |
Beit Safafa |
Everyone |
|
Foreigners on site |
|
||||
|
16.2 |
Jericho |
Some |
|
Towards Transjordan |
|
||||
|
27.2 |
Essiac |
Everyone |
Close to the Jews |
In the immediate vicinity |
|
||||
|
8.3 |
Jerusalem |
The rich, women, children |
|
Mostly to Lebanon |
|
||||
| 8.3 | Qalandia | Everyone | |||||||
| 22.3 | Essiac | Returned | after I fled nearby | ||||||
| 30.3 | Essiac | Everyone | They were ordered to evacuate the Arab Higher Committee. | ||||||
| 1.4 | Jerusalem – Musrara | Everyone | |||||||
|
9.4 |
Dayr Yasin |
Everyone |
Dissidents' actions |
Most of them were killed. |
|
||||
|
10.4 |
‘'I am Karim |
Everyone |
|
Malliha, Beit Jala, Ramallah |
|
||||
|
10.4 |
Qalunya |
Women and children |
|
|
|
||||
|
15.4 |
Beit Iksa |
Everyone |
|
|
|
||||
|
18.4 |
Dayr Abu Tor |
Everyone |
Dayr Yasin effect |
|
|
||||
|
21.4 |
Malliha |
he. |
„"" and the appearance of foreigners |
|
|
||||
|
21.4 |
‘'I am Karim |
P. |
The appearance of women and children, as well as foreigners. |
|
|
||||
|
28.4 |
Ramallah |
Small part |
To Bethlehem |
|
|
||||
|
28.4 |
Jerusalem |
Small part |
To Bethlehem |
|
|
||||
|
3.5 |
Castle |
Everyone |
Our job is to open the way |
|
|
||||
|
3.5 |
Qalunya |
Everyone |
„” |
|
|
||||
|
3.5 |
Saris |
Everyone |
„” |
|
|
||||
|
3.5 |
Bidu |
Everyone |
„” |
|
|
||||
|
3.5 |
Beit Iksa |
Everyone |
„” |
|
|
||||
|
3.5 |
Nabi Samwil |
Everyone |
„” |
|
|
||||
|
3.5 |
Abu Dis |
P. |
|
Only women and children |
|
||||
|
3.5 |
Abu Tor |
P. |
|
„ „ „ „ |
|
||||
|
3.5 |
‘'Eizariyah |
P. |
Many foreign appearances |
|
|
||||
|
6.5 |
Malliha |
P. |
|
To Bethlehem |
|
||||
|
6.5 |
Jerusalem – South |
Everyone |
|
To Christian institutions in the Old City and Bethlehem |
|
||||
|
9.5 |
Jerusalem – Old City |
Many |
|
Muslims go to villages |
|
||||
|
11.5 |
Jerusalem – Old City |
Many |
|
The Hebronites return to their city |
|
||||
|
11.5 |
Beit Iksa |
Everyone |
Our offer |
|
|
||||
|
13.5 |
Judayra |
Everyone |
Orders have come from the legion to evacuate, they are needed as a base |
|
|||||
|
13.5 |
Bayt Hanina |
Everyone |
„ „ „ „ „ „ „ |
|
|||||
|
13.5 |
Bayt Nabala |
Everyone |
„ „ „ „ „ „ „ |
|
|||||
|
13.5 |
al-Jib |
Everyone |
„ „ „ „ „ „ „ |
|
|||||
|
13.5 |
Rafat |
Everyone |
„ „ „ „ „ „ „ |
|
|||||
|
13.5 |
Sufat |
Everyone |
„ „ „ „ „ „ „ |
|
|||||
| 15.5 | Jerusalem – Christians | To Bethlehem | |||||||
|
21,5 |
Jerusalem – Old City |
Many |
|
|
|||||
|
29,5 |
Dayr Muheisin |
Everyone |
Our offer |
|
|||||
|
29,5 |
Beit Jiz |
Everyone |
„” |
|
|||||
|
? |
Beit Surik |
„ |
„” |
|
|||||
|
?? |
Dayr Ayyub |
„ |
„” |
|
|||||
|
29,5 |
Jerusalem, outside the walls |
Everyone |
Occupied by us |
|
|||||
|
30,5 |
Jerusalem – Old City |
Many |
With the fierce battles |
|
|||||








